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Let's look at our four cards again:

0 Bud 3 Schlitz

... and ask which ones do we turn over to find out if the statement:

If you're out of Schlitz, then you're out of beer.

... is TRUE?

And here is one "common sense"response that an intelligent individual can give:

Card 1:   Well, if you're out of beer, you have to check which type of beer you are out of. So we have to turn this card over.
Card 2:   You had Bud so you can't be out of Schlitz. So you don't have to turn this card over.
Card 3:   You have some beer left over. So it doesn't matter. So you don't need to turn this card over.
Card 4:   You bought Schlitz. So you might be out. So you do have to turn this card over.

So we have to turn over Cards #1 and #3.

Alas, despite the wisdom normally exercised by intelligent individuals, this answer isn't correct. So to see the correct answer, just click here.